4+-+The+Young+Irelanders+Rising+of+1848


 * The Young Irelanders Rising of 1848 **




 * **Table of Contents **  ||
 * **1 ** || **Overview ** ||
 * 1.1 || How did it begin? - edited by Taniqua P. ||
 * 1.2 || What happened? - edited by Damir O. ||
 * 1.3 || How did it end? - edited by Kiana W. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">2 **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> || **<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;">Important People **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">2.1 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">William Smith O' Brien - edited by Taniqua P. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">2.2 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Thomas Francis Meagher - edited by Damir O. ||
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">2.3 || <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">John Blake Dillon - edited by Kiana W. ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">3 **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> || **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Related Links **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> ||
 * **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">4 **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> || **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">Works Cited **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> ||

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;"> //**<span style="color: red; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','serif'; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Overview – How did it begin? **//

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">“Young Ireland was a group of patriotic middle-class intellectuals associated with the repeal movement of Daniel O'Connell: its original leaders included Thomas Davis (1814-45), John Blake Dillon (1816-66), and Charles Gavan Duffy (1816-1903)” (William Smith O'Brien). Gavan Duffy's journalistic experience was essential to the success of the //Nation//, a newspaper founded in 1842 to promote the exclusive patriotism of the Young Ireland movement (William Smith O'Brien). Rising disagreements ocurred between the Young Irelanders and O'Connell's Repeal Association 1846. These disagreements took place when the Young Irelanders refused to utilize violence to advance in the repeal. The staggering Young Irelanders seceded from the O' Connell's Repeal Association, which was led by William Smith O'Brien. Shortly after William Smith O'Brien formed the "Irish Confederation" (William Smith Quotes)<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">. His followers as stated earlier were Thomas Davis, John Blake Dillon and Charles Gavan Duffy. These participants over a period of time led the rebellion in 1848, which is known as the Young Irelanders Rising of 1848. Due to the secession of the O'Connell's Repeal Association and the founding of the Irish Confederation, these events sparked the Young Irelanders Rising of 1848. The intellectual legacy of Young Ireland had a lasting influence on Ireland as a whole (William Smith O'Brien).

<span style="color: #ff0000; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 200%; text-align: left;">

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In July 1848, there was a revolt when O’Brien, Meagher, and Dillon went to County Wexford to Kilkenny, then Tipperany (StateMaster). This re<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> volt was a major event that changed Ireland during during the year of 1848. In the Village of The Commons, there were supporters of O’Brien like tradesmen and farmers that waited for the local police and the military (StateMaster). These tradesmen and farmers were glad and anxious that O'Brien came to visit them. After the rebels had arrived, they ordered O’Brien and Mrs. Cormack, with her children, to leave the house that they were in. However, the police did not want to release the children (StateMaster). As you can imagine, Mrs. Cormack was worried what would happen with her children as well as what would happen with O'Brien. 46 policemen were surrounding the houses in this village and they took five children in the house and made them hostage (StateMaster). Since the five children were taken hostage, many were afraid that they would be killed since the term "hostage" can refer to an attempt of killing someone for a reward. After those dramtic events took place, there were gunshots heard between the police and the rebels where O’Brien was injured (StateMaster). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">Historians weren't quite sure where he was injured though. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 120%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt;">What O'Brien<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> didn't succeed to do was to capture the police where Mrs. Cormack was in the town of Ballingarry (Ohio University). As a great leader, he must have felt horrible since he didn't accomplish this task. As this battle continued to go on, O'Brien was later arrested where they had to face the deadly death sentence (Ohio University). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;"> <span style="color: #ff0000; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 200%; text-align: left;">
 * //Overview - What Happened?//** <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">

<span style="color: black; display: block; font-family: Calibri; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; text-align: left;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">The Irish confederation was forced to abandon their initial plans to rise from Cashel, Waterford, Carric, Athlone and Limerick (Snodaigh). According to the plan, after a proclamation was issued, they were going to turn and concentrate on Dublin but of course this never happened because they were forced to drop this plan. So instead, they chose to rise from Tipperary and Kilkenny (Snodaigh). This attempt failed as well. The Irish Confederation’s failure to capture police that were barricaded in the Widow McCormack’s house, holding her and her family hostage, marked the end of the rebellion (Young Ireland). William Smith O’Brien, Thomas Frances Meagher and John Blake Dillon were arrested and sentenced to death. The death sentences were later dropped and they were sent to Van Diemen’s Land. They later escaped first to France and later to America (John Blake Dillon). Eventually, they all returned to Ireland in 1856 (Ohio University). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">
 * //Overview- How did it end?//** <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">

<span style="color: #ff0000; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 200%; text-align: left;">//**William Smith O' Brien**// <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 200%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">October 17, 1803, William Smith O’ Brien was born in Dromoland, Newmarket on Fergus, Co. Clare (Davis 17). He attended school at Harrow and Trinity College where he studied law (19th Century Ireland - William Smith'OBrien). William Smith O’ Brien owned a home in Cahirmoyle, Co. Limerick. William had a passion for reading, he believed that by reading he would gain more knowledge. He read and wrote in several diverse languages, such as Latin, Greek, and a little of French and German (Bicentenary of William Smith O'Brien). He mainly would use latin for poems. In later life he studied Irish and the poet Brian O'Looney became his "court poet" (Bicentenary of William Smith O'Brien). His son Edward supported the Union with England (Bicentenary of William Smith O'Brien). O'Brien is remembered by a statue in O'Connell St. Dublin and by the William Smith O'Brien cottage at Port Arthur, Tasmania. Australian admirers presented him with a magnificent vase weighing 125 oz. of nine carat gold. It is now on view in the National Museum of Ireland at Collins Barracks, Dublin. William Smith O'Brien cared about his family deeply; he wrote his family a letter to check up on them and to see how they were doing (Bicentenary of William Smith O'Brien).

William Smith entered politics in the 1820s (Smith, William). "William Smith O’Brien was a leader of the 1848 rising at Ballingarry, Co. Tipperary" (Davis 17). William Smith O'Brien was an active member in Paraliment until 1831 and was re-elected to represent Limerick in 1835 (19th Century Ireland - William Smith O' Brien). In 1843, O'Brien joined the Repeal Association and in 1847 he formed the Irish Confederation which seceded from the Repeal Association. William Smith O'Brien led the Young Ireland Rising at Ballingarry, County Tipperary (Smith, William). William Smith O'Brien led his supporters and his followers through the difficult situations in 1848. <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">In 1848, William Smith O'Brien was arrested in Ireland, for traveling to Paris earlier that year in support of the leaders of the new French Republic (Bicentenary of William Smith O’Brien). William Smith O’Brien was dismissed when the jury failed to reach a verdict. In July of 1848, the Irish Confederation was declared illegal and warrants were issued for the arrest of the leaders of the Young Irelanders (Bicentenary of William Smith O’Brien). On July 29th of 1848, William Smith O'Brien led an unsuccessful march in Ballingarry, Co. Tipperary, otherwise also known as “the battle of Widow McCormack's cabbage patch” (Bicentenary of William Smith O’Brien). William Smith O’Brien was arrested on August 6, 1848 (Bicentenary of William Smith O’Brien). The district court at Clonmel, Co. Tipperary, found him guilty and sentenced to death. The sentence caused great uproar in Irish community. Many people created and took part in various petitions that favored William Smith O’Brien. Afterwards, many people in the Irish community signed the William Smith O’Brien Petition. Petitioners signed supported of Smith O'Brien for many different reasons such as political, religious and humanitarian. Smith was pardoned in 1854 and traveled to Belgium and America before returning to Ireland to publish Principles of Government 1856 (Bicentenary of William Smith O'Brien). William died June 18,1864 (Davis 84). Song: **<span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">[|"A Nation One Again - Song/Lyrics"]
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<span style="color: #ff0000; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 200%; text-align: left;">//**Thomas Francis Meagher**// <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Thomas Francis Meagher was born in the City of Waterford, Ireland in 1823 (Thomas Francis Meager). As a child, he came from a rich family and was very talented at a young age <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt;">(Brigadier). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Many worlds like " <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt;">brash, verbose, and belligerent" were some of his descriptions seen during this age (Brigadier). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">As a young student, he first went to the Jesuit boarding school where he got his education (Thomas Francis Meagher Encyclopedia II). As Meagher got older, he was educated in Stonyhurst College in England and graduted in the year 1843 (Thomas Francis Meagher). Since Meagher went to college and got a good education, he was a smart man and had determination which qualifed him as a good general. Meagher took his education seriously since he was an intelligent man and continued to work hard. In the year of 1845, he joined the Young Ireland group which he had become the founding memeber of (Thomas Francis Meagher Encylopedia II). He spoke to a group of people in Dublin on how to get independence from Britain ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Brigadier). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">Later on, this speech that he gave out was named, "Meagher of the Sword" which became an outstanding speech that <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> supported for Irish Independence (Thomas Francis Meagher Encylopedia II). Due to his college degree and an intense education, this speech was memorable which showed that he was a well educated, and an all-going man.

In 1848, Meagher was arrested and charged by the British since his actions were suspicious ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Brigadier). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> Since Meagher wanted Irish Independence, this was one of the suspicious acts that the British realized and were not too happy about. Meagher wanted independence for his beloved county and nothing would stop him, not even the British. Unfortunately, the British charged him and he was arrested fairly quickly ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Brigadier). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">This charge or death sentence (being hung) had to force Meagher to be placed in a colony called Tasmania ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Brigadier). He was than picked up by a small group of sailors that sailed him to America (Brigadier). <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> Meagher must have be surprised when these sailors wanted to help him which later on gave him more determination to free Ireland from the British. When he arrived in New York, thousands of people and fans cheered for Meagher's arrival which made him a huge Irish celebrity ( <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt;">Brigadier). Meagher must have felt as a hero up to this point and he knew that he had to complete his <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt;">goal for independence. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">In 1861, he was united with the Union Army and than later served as a field officer at 1st Bull Run (Thomas Francis Meagher Biography).

<span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> <span style="color: blue; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt;">** Song Lyrics :** <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 11pt;"> [|"On The Escape of Thomas Francis Meagher, The Irish Exile" Lyrics] <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;">

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> <span style="color: #ff0000; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 200%; text-align: left;">//**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 18pt;">John Blake Dillon <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt;"> **// <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%;">John Blake Dillon was born in Ballaghaderreen on May 5th, 1814 (John Blake Dillon). He studied to be a priest in the Royal College of Maynooth and also law at Trinity College, Dublin (Appletons Encyclopedia). In 1841, he joined the Repeal Association. He was a member and auditor of the Historical Society (Appletons Encyclopedia). Dillon took part in establishing the “Nation”, a newspaper that promoted Irish nationalism. In 1846, he and the other Young Irelanders seceded from the Repeal Association (Dillon, John Blake). He died suddenly of Cholera in September 1866 (Dillon, John Blake).

John Blake Dillon, William Smith O’Brien and Thomas Francis Meagher came together and formed what is known as Young Ireland. Together they advocated the threat of force to achieve the repeal of the Act of Union (Snodaigh). They all took part in leading the Young Irelanders Rebellion which eventually failed due to lack of support from citizens. When the rebellion failed, he, as well as the others, were arrested and eventually escaped first to France and then to New York, where he set up a legal practice with Richard O’Gorman (Dillon, John Blake). In 1855, Dillon returned to Dublin and continued to work with politics (Dillon, John Blake). In 1864, he partnered with Paul Cullen and established the National Association (Dillon, John Blake).

<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: #ff0000; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 200%; text-align: left;">
 * <span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">Lyrics. "Lament For Owen Roe O'Neill" **<span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;">

//**Relevant Links**//<span style="font-family: 'Feena Casual','serif'; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;">

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 11pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">"**19th Century Ireland - William Smith O'Brien**". Searcs Web Guide. November 17, 2009 < [] >.

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 * Appletons Encyclopedia.** "John Blake Dillon." //Hall of North and South Americans//. Web. 20 Nov. 2009.

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 * Ballingarry.** Photograph. //Wikipedia//. Web. 14 Dec. 2009.

"**Bicentenary of William Smith O'Brien**". C. Heaney. 4 Dec. 2009. <http://homepage.eircom.net/~gobnait/>. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 12pt;"> <http://www.historynet.com/brigadier-general-thomas-f-meagher.htm>.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 11pt;">"Brigadier General Thomas F. Meagher." ** //HistoryNet From the Worlds Largest History Magazine Publisher//. Web. 16 Dec. 2009.

< [] >. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> Thomas Osbourne Davis. "A Nation Once Again."1848. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">" [|Dillon, John Blake] ." __The Oxford Companion to Irish History__. Oxford University Press. 2007. //Encyclopedia.com.// 20 Nov. 2009 < [|http://www.encyclopedia.com] >. <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> < [] >.
 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">“Cumha Eoghan Ruaidh U." **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> //20,000 Volkslieder, German and other Folk Songs, Genealogy, Ahnenforschung, Folksongs, Gospel, Songs, Spirituals, Hymns, lyrics lyric song Lied Lieder party canciones Sechelt, Vancouver British Columbia B.C. bc Canada, Kanada, Bed and Breakfast, Accommodation, Lodging, Whale, West Coast, Indianer, Pacific Coast, Frank Petersohn, Oceanside Holiday,//. Web. 18 Nov. 2009.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Davis, Marianne. **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> __The Rebel in his Family__. Ireland: Cork University Press, 1998.
 * <span style="color: #262a2c; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">"John Blake Dillon: Facts, Discussion Forum, and Encyclopedia Article." **<span style="color: #262a2c; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> //AbsoluteAstronomy.com//. Web. 18 Nov. 2009.

<http://www.civilwarhome.com/meagher.htm><span style="color: #262a2c; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">
 * "Thomas Francis Meagher Biography."** //The American Civil War Home Page//. Web. 21 Nov. 2009.

"**Thomas Francis Meagher: Encyclopedia II** - Thomas Francis Meagher - Biography." //Enlightenment - The Experience Festival//. Web. 02 Dec. 2009. <[].> <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> < [] >.
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Thomas Francis Meagher//.// **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> Photograph. //TutorGig Encyclopedia//. Web. 15 Nov. 2009.

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 * "Thomas Francis Meagher."** //RootsWeb Genealogical Data Cooperative//. Web. 22 Nov. 2009.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">"**William O’ Brien**." __Encyc lopædia__ Britannica. 2009. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 11 Nov. 2009

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 * "William Smith O' Brien".** Wikipedia. 10 Nov. 2009

< [] >. <span style="color: #ff0000; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 200%; text-align: left;">**//<span style="color: #ff0000; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 200%; text-align: left;"><span style="font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 115%;"> Works Cited <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 10pt; line-height: 115%;"> //**
 * "William Smith Quotes". Answers.com.** 10 Nov. 2009

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">**Davis, Marianne.** __The Rebel in his Family__. Ireland: Cork University Press, 1998.

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 * Ireland.** Photograph. //FlagSpot//. Web. 14 Dec. 2009.

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 * Ohio University.** "Young Ireland." //Welcome To Ohio University//. Web. 18 Nov. 2009.

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 * "__Smith, William.__"** __The Oxford Essential Dictionary of the U.S. Military__. 2001. //Encyclopedia.com.// 10 Sep. 2009

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 * "Snodaigh, Aengus O."** An Phoblacht: Remembering the Past: The Young Ireland Rising." //An Phoblacht: Ireland's Biggest Selling Political Weekly//. Web. 18 Nov. 2009.

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 * "StateMaster - Encyclopedia: Famine Rebellion of 1848."** //StateMaster - US Statistics, State Comparisons//. Web. 21 Nov. 2009.

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 * <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">"Young Ireland: Information from Answers.com." **<span style="color: black; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> //Answers.com: Wiki Q&A combined with free online dictionary, thesaurus, and encyclopedias//. Web. 18 Nov. 2009.